Modern Technology Essay

When we look back to the history of human being in recent 200 years, we will be surprising what a huge change modern technology has brought us. Trains and planes enable us to travel to everywhere we want. Internet and televisions communicate news to everyone. New technologies provide us a new standard of living, and I state that they are creating a single world culture. Modern technology has shortened the distance between cultures, and made the world smaller. People can travel or migrate from one place to another very quickly. They see how people in other zones dress, speak and behave. The more exposure to other traditions and customs they do, the more likely they adopt to those. As a result, their own traditions and customs are replaced by a massive one. Another reason for the impact of modern technology on creating a similar world is that it makes possible for cultures to communicate with each other. When watching TV programmes, searching web and chatting through the Internet, people learn about foreign cultures and try to make some of those their own. The exchange of knowledge has had a great impact on their lives. The cafà © from Brazil, the scotch from Scotland, the cigars from Cuba, the wine from France, the American music, that appear and become well-known in many parts of the world are good examples of how modern technology influences people’s life and also creates a single world culture. With the rapid development of modern technology, people learn and come to appreciate foreign cultures. They recognize the value of variety. Therefore, in the near future, there will be many similarities in country’s cultures. Traditional cultures around the world may be more willing to join our call for a single world one.

MDG Presentation Essay

ABSTRACT The Importance of Information Technology (IT) cannot be over emphasized as it is very necessary in all works of life; Agriculture, Health, Education, Security, Entertainment etc. It provides new opportunities for improving performance and strategic competitiveness. However, few organizations have successfully grasped the opportunities enabled by IT, largely due to their limited ability to evaluate the impact of IT on firm performance and ignorance. My Industrial Training Programme has exposed me to the IT industry with hands-on practical experience on Computer engineering and software development. The practical side of computing can be seen everywhere. Nowadays, practically everyone is a computer user, and many people are even computer programmers. Getting computers to do what you want them to do requires intensive hands-on experience. But computer science can be seen on a higher level, as a science of problem solving. Computer scientists must be adept at modeling and analyzing problems. They must also be able to design solutions and verify that they are correct. Problem solving requires precision, creativity, and  careful reasoning. Computer science also has strong connections to other disciplines. Many problems in science, engineering, health care, business, and other areas can be solved effectively with computers, but finding a solution requires both computer science expertise and knowledge of the particular application domain. Thus, computer scientists often become proficient in other subjects. COMPANY PROFILE ABOUT CONNECT TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED In 1986, the founder had a dream and the urge to deploy Information Technology Solutions and participate actively in the Nigerian Economy. His mission then, was to exploit the untapped resources of the nation’s Information Technology (IT) Industry. With over 100 man-years cognate professional exposure fused in, Connect Technologies Limited was in 2000 incorporated as a leading specialist IT Solutions Provider. GOAL â€Å"Our clients’ success is our growth† MISSION STATEMENT Connect Technologies Limited is dedicated to accomplishment of its vision and  mission by applying the following ‘value chain’ approach: Customer Focus – Customer First Philosophy: We will work diligently to understand our clients’ IT needs, and strive to meet or exceed their expectations, using the best practice approach. Our People – Connect Technologies’ Management Team is its greatest asset. The Team understands the Nigerian IT needs and challenges in the competitive global economy. Commitment – To provide the highest level of commitment to quality service and products to our customers. CAPABILITY STATEMENT – EXPERIENCE Connect Technologies’ entry into the information technology industry is backed with more than 100 man-years of cognate and relevant professional experience of its leading practitioners. Connect Technologies’ professional and managerial manpower base, no doubt, represents one of the best in the industry today. Working in collaboration with our technical partners in Nigeria, Asia–India, Europe and the USA, we possess the capability to design, supply, install LAN-based/multi-tier Application Software, train, and maintain complex information technology systems, both domestic and overseas. VISION â€Å"To be and remain a leading IT Solutions Provider with capabilities to innovate and deliver functional hi-tech Software projects with maximum benefits to all clients.† Our concept of customer satisfaction is derived from the fact that we aspire to reduce our implementation downtime to the barest minimum while increasing our clients’ productivity at least cost to them. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Connect Technologies practice and carry on the business of Informatics and Information with particular reference to all related activities and trade in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industries and services – involving Software Development and Hardware configuration solutions. The core service is focused on business of design, and development of Information Technology Knowledge Infrastructure projects with particular reference to the design of Application Software and Solutions and interfacing them with Local Information Infrastructure (LII), National Information Infrastructure (NII) and Global Information Infrastructure (GII). As professional IT trainers, Connect Technologies’ organizes and manages special I.T Seminars, Workshops and Conferences for corporate organizations – especially the banking industry for the purpose of upgrading the knowledge and operational expertise of Informatics Technology. The customized training embraces in-house training on Information Technology and Communications Technology – especially Internet Development and Operation Training. CORE COMPETENCE Capabilities: Design, automate, Integrate, Support and Manage complex technology-driven Application Software systems – Our Solutions are 100% indigenous effort. Human Resources Highly skilled Software Development & Implementation Team Solutions & Services LAN Groupware Applications and Solutions Internet Solutions & Web Portal Design Design and Installation of Local & Wide Area Networks Offshore Software Project Development Technical Training Facilities Management Project Management EXPERTISE Connect Technologies Limited has strong foundation in Infrastructural, Financial, Technical, Product and Marketing Resources. Today, this expertise in Retail Banking Consultancy, Software Development, Networking and other services will benefit major banks and business organizations all over the country. CONNECT TECHNOLOGIES SOLUTIONS EPortal Solutions Enterprise eGovernment Operation Solutions Enterprise Educational Portal Solutions Enterprise Business Intelligent Solutions Enterprise Campus-wide Knowledge Solutions Enterprise Recruitment Solutions Enterprise Cooperative Financial (CoopFinance) Web-based Financial Application designed to automate all Cooperative activities from Member Registration, Savings & Loan Application, Approval Process and Repayment Processes, Journal Posting, Account Management, Pool Fund Management, Payable & Receivables (Members & Third Party). Enterprise BankerïÆ' ¤ (CT2001) Banking software specially designed to automate all banking activities, from banking needs of retail customers, routine banking needs of investments and trade-finance activities to full activity report summary. Enterprise Stock MasterïÆ' ¤ Stock Application targeted towards mid-ranged stock and Stock Brokerage, Financial and Investment Houses in its scope. It is specially designed to automate all stock activities, from shareholder registration of clients and stock needs of investments and trade-finance activities to full activity report summary. Enterprise Inventory/Payment System Enterprise Manufacturing and Inventory System is designed to optimize the  efficiency of Trading/Sales Network, Sales Warehouses and Manufacturing capability. It is a complete Manufacturing/Inventory System [With Customer Support System, Financial Management System, Inventory Control System] [Including Sales, Purchase, Bills Receivable and Payable, Income and Expense maintenance] With various useful Reports. Money Transfer Management Systems MTMS, version CT2003 is a full Multi-Currency Solution targeted towards commercial banks, Merchant banks, Savings and Loans, Financial, Passenger Traffic Systems and Investment Houses. It is specially designed to automate all online money transfer activities, from sending and receiving of money to reconciliation of accounts and full activity report summary. The Application is secure and reliable. Digital Image / Account Security System Digital Image / Account Security System is an application designed to monitor customer’s accounts and provide adequate Account Security through Digital Image Capturing and Confidential Data Protection. MAJOR PROJECT REFERENCES S/N Client Nature of Project Status 1 NITDA Supply of e-Learning Application System to RITC Completed 2 NITDA ICT Consultancy on Development of Computer Network Security Standards Completed 3 NITDA Part of Consortium of ICT Consultants that developed Framework Architecture and Standards for e-Government Applications Completed 4 Shell-East Cooperative Investment Limited, PH IT Financial Consultant, Deployment and Implementation of Enterprise Cooperative Financials Software Completed and is being supported 5 NITDA ICT Consultancy & Implementation of eGovernment Project for Federal Government Completed 6 NITDA e-Government Workflow PS-NET Pilot Application deployed at FMST, Presidency, National Assembly, Finance Ministry, BOF (Budgets Office), Civil Service Commission, EFCC, PARP and Ministry of Education Completed 7 Akwa-Ibom State Government ICT Consultancy on SIT Park Project Completed 8 Trithel International Consulting E-Business Solutions (e-commerce portal) Completed 9 Akwa Savings & Loan – Uyo, Unical Community Bank – Calabar, Olomi Community Bank – Ibadan, Karakata Investment Limited – Ogbomosho, Aniocha Community Bank etc Deployment of our Enterprise Banker  Completed and is being supported 10 Riggs Securities, Lagos Deployment of our Enterprise Stock MasterïÆ' ¤ Solutions Completed 11 Toyota Nigeria Limited E-Business Solutions Completed 12 Henrich Boll Foundation, Socio Economic Rights Initiative, NOTAP (National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion), ITAN (Information Technology Association of Nigeria) 13 SIM Registration with Chams Plc Completed PROFILE OF KEY PERSONNEL CHRIS UWAJE (FNCS, FIAP) Born in Lagos, Nigeria, 4th August, 1951, Christopher Uwaje (FNCS, FIAP) is the Principal Consultant, Chief Software Architect and Chief Executive Officer: Connect Technologies Limited–CTL. He is the Originator/Pioneer of National Information Technology Policy for Nigeria. Guest Student on Informatics, University of Hamburg, Graduate of Informatics, British Institute of Engineering Technology and Control Data Institute, Frankfurt, Germany. Post Graduate Qualifications. Over Three Decades of on-the-job IT Practice as Computer Scientist – Spread across three continents (Europe/Africa and America), specializing in IT-Strategy Consulting – incorporating SIT Park project conceptualization, design, implementation, project management and Technical Support. Software Engineering Solutions; Research, Design and Development (RD&D). Special Professional focus: National & Regional IT Policy; Coordinating Chairman, Council for West Africa Information Technology Professionals (CWAITP). Immediate Past President of Information Technology Association of Nigeria (ITAN) and 1St Vice President of Institute of Software Practitioners Association of Nigeria (ISPON). Member, National Inter-Ministerial Committee on Software development. PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALS AND ASSOCIATIONS Graduate of Informatics, British Institute of Engineering Technology and Control Data Institute, Frankfurt, Germany. Post Graduate Qualifications. IMMEDIATE-PAST PRESIDENT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (ITAN) IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: INSTITUTE OF SOFTWARE PRACTITIONERS OF NIGERIA (ISPON) FELLOW NIGERA COMPUTER SOCIETY NCS) FELLOW: INSTITUTE OF ANALYSTS AND PROGRAMMERS. U.K. FELLOW: INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL OF U.K. MEMBER: COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA.(CPN) MEMBER: INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST, BRITAIN. PAST PRESIDENT: ROTARY INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT 9110, NIGERIA. OLUYINKA TANIMOWO Born on March 14th 1971 in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Happily married with two lovely daughters and one handsome boy. B. SC (Hons), Computer Science (First Class Honours) from University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State (1993) AWARDS Best graduating student in Faculty of Science during 1992/1993 Academic Session Best student in Computer Science during 1992/93 Session Best student in Computer Science during 1991/92 Session Nigerian Breweries PLC, Prize Winner, 1991/92 Session Best student in Computer Science during 1990/91 Session Best Student in Mathematics. 1988 (Secondary School) EXPERIENCE – SUMMARY Over 10 years of active Software Development. Hardware/OS Platforms: Have worked on various platforms that range from DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95/98, NT/Win 2000, Advanced Server 2002 and higher, Windows XP. Software/Internet Technologies: Experienced with the following: VB.Net, ASP. Net, C#, Visual C/C++, MFC, ActiveX Controls, Visual Basic, HTML, ASP, DHTML, VB Script, JavaScript, XML, CGI, JAVA, Windows NT, Client/Server Software Development, TCP/IP, ODBC, MS SQL Server, COBOL, MS Visual SourceSafe. Others: Object-Oriented Analysis & Design (OOA & D), UML, Rational Rose & Requirement Analysis. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Therefore, students most especially in higher institution of learning are expected to have an Industrial Training experience in order to improve their practical skills in their different course of study and also be computer literate. 1.1 Industrial Training Program. Industrial Training program provides pre-professional work experience with specific assignments and responsibilities. An Industrial Training should be relevant to a student’s personal career interests and academic courses of study, serving as a bridge between university and the world of work. Productive Industrial Trainings help students to make informed decisions and improve their marketability after graduation. 1.2 Objectives of Industrial Training. To provide avenue for students in higher institution of learning acquire industrial skills and experience in their various course of study. To prepare students for work situation they are likely to meet after graduation. To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may not be available in the University. To make transition from University to the world of work easier and thus enhance contests for later job placements. To provide students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge  in real work situation, thereby bridging the gap between University work and actual practice. To enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process of preparing University graduates for employment in the industry. 1.4a Brief History of Connect Technology Ltd. 1.4b Structure of the Company. 1.4c Training Procedure of Connect Technology Ltd. At Connect Technology Ltd is a perfect mixture of theory and practical works also the implementation of web-based instructions to enable students on Industrial Training get a grip of whatever is taught. Connect Technology Ltd is a highly organized firm that not only satisfies clients but also ensures that students learn a lot that pertains to their course of study. 1.4d Features of Training Methodologies. Assignments: At the end of each lecture, students are to do their assignments and submit. Scores maybe awarded to keep check on progress level of students. Seminars: This is an interactive forum where students including staffs come together to talk about works they have executed, siting the challenges and also make plans for further works or projects. Textbooks: Students are allowed to go through the firm’s handout and read more pertaining to what has been taught. Internet: Students are also given the opportunity to go online to read up on different topics, which may not necessarily be what have been discussed at work but must be relevant so as to add more knowledge to the student. CHAPTER 2 WORK DONE The first day of work at Connect Technologies Ltd was on the 3rd of August, 2012. I was given an orientation in the company by one of the staff by name Pius Ekeh Junior, he told me of the rules and regulation of the company, showed me around different offices in the company, the services they render to the society, and he also gave a job description, and all that is expected of me during my Industrial Attachment. I was assigned to the hardware department, where we did jobs like formatting a system unit, ghosting of hard drives, coupling system, changing of damaged motherboard components and repairs of computer if the need arises, among others. Every Friday, everybody including staffs and IT students are enjoined in a seminar where they are given appraisal on works done during the week, discuss on challenges encountered during the week’s work and plan ahead for further jobs and projects. Monthly, I assist my colleagues in disk cleanup, disk fragmentation, antivirus update, and also give a well detailed report to the staff in charge of IT (Industrial Training) students. During the first week, no much work was done since I was new in the company, but as time went on, I was been thought on computer basics, how to use Microsoft, WordPad, Command Prompt, Viruses, Malware, Spyware and how they affect the computer system. I also learnt on the definition of disks, their different types which are Basic and Dynamic disks, their uses, and how to convert from one form or state to another i.e. converting a disk in its Basic state to a Dynamic disk or from its Dynamic state to a Basic disk. DISK CLEAN This is a process where the computer gets rid of irrelevant programs from its memory. It is used to clear unused files on the hard disk and offers more options than just emptying the recycle bin but also detecting temporary internet files. Files such as temporal office setups and old restore points can be removed in one operation, this also offers more flexibility for file removal. To do this Right Click the My Computer Icon Then Click on Properties Next Click Disk Cleanup Tick the items to be removed Select Yes to confirm deletion Then Click Ok to finish By these actions, the files are removed from the hard disk and the spaces occupied are being freed. RECYCLE BIN When a file is deleted from the computer, it is not completed deleted from the computer instead it is saved in the Recycle Bin, where it can be restored should in case it was deleted by mistake. Only when a file is deleted from the Recycle Bin, is it permanently deleted from the computer. The Recycle Bin should be emptied on a regular basis. SCAN DISK This is used to check the integrity of the file systems, also to scan the physical hard disk for bad sectors. These bad sectors can lead to data loss or corruption and this is one of the first signs of falling hard disks. When bad sectors are detected, Scan Disk attempts to repair these sectors mark them as ‘UNUSABLE’. GHOSTING This means creating a clone of its contents so that they may be transferred to a different and larger sized hard disk. It is not strictly the same as copying, but rather a means of accessing files and software without having to go through all the trouble of reinstalling them. Ghosting is typically done on a computer so as to upgrade it to a larger hard disk. It is also very important to note that when doing this both hard disks should be compatible, in terms model and brand. It is sometimes called CLONING. CONFIGURATION OF SYSTEMS System configuration is the process of setting up the hardware devices and assigning resources to them so that they work together without conflicts. A properly configured system will allow the user avoid resource conflict problems, and makes it easier for the user to upgrade the system with new equipments in the future. An improperly configured system will lead to storage errors and problems, and make upgrading very difficult. Steps in Setting up or Configuration a Computer. Power on the Computer On Set up window, choose country or region, time, currency and keyboard layout Click ‘Next’ Accept the license terms required to use your computer Click ‘Next’ Enter username and password, then choose a default picture for the use account Enter computer name e.g. Helen-pc Click ‘Next’ and click on ‘Ask me again if any message comes up’ Here set time and date time zone Finally click on ‘Start’ After configuration of the computer, the user can now allow the window to check the performance of the computer and prepare the desktop. At this juncture the user can install and download any necessary applications that are needed on the computer. UPGRADING WINDOWS XP to WINDOWS 7. It is the same steps taken when configuring a computer; the difference is that during the configuration, the following are done: Insert the OS cd for Windows 7 Restart the computer When prompted to boot to boot from CD, it any key on the keyboard to proceed Then all the instructions carefully and you will have your Windows XP upgraded to Windows 7 After that install the drivers and applications that are necessary to help the user work conveniently on the computer. ACTIVATING WINDOWS. Activating Windows is necessary for Microsoft to know it is a genuine version of the Operating System. It also aids in upgrading any Operating System to any version. These are the steps required: Click on the Start button Right Click on My Computer Select Properties Click on Activate Windows Follow all instructions including the EULA agreement You will need to type the product key of the computer and it is always at the top of the system unit After that you will be required to wait for some minutes so that Windows can be activated. TROUBLESHOOTING OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM. Troubleshooting is a process of determining the cause of, and ultimately the solution to, a problem. It is a form of problem solving, most often applied to repair of failed products and processes. It is a logical and systematic search for the source  of a problem, so that it can be solved, and so the product or process can be made operational again. It is also needed to develop and maintain complex systems, where the symptoms of a problem can leave many possible problems. By applying a logical, consistent method to the troubleshooting process, you make your work easier, and shorten the time it takes to discover the root of the problem. Acquire information about the problem by questioning the user and identifying any change the user has made to the computer lately. In acquiring the information, you will find out that sometimes the user has the problem. Some complain of not being able to connect to the internet or not being able to use the printer and applications. All that is needed is to check the machine which ever it is and try to proffer a solution.

Saving Water

The Solution is in the Tips of our Hands. â€Å"We think this water may one day be lost to us forever,† a phrase said by Mohanbhai G. Patel, a hopeless well owner from India mentioned on the essay Water Pressure, presented in the book Green. This essay portrays a great understanding of how humans can change the water scarcity problem in remote places, such as villages in India and Africa, by just spreading their knowledge and showing methods that will decrease the effect of this ceaseless issue.Some of us do not have the capacity and resources to help third world countries, but we do have the ability to change the community we live in; and it all starts at home. A simple, sustainable method we could practice is running the clothes washer and dish washer only when full. This concept may seem extremely appealing to members of a household but the actual idea of practicing the method might turned out to be unrealistic.In order to make this water saving practice effective, one pers on should begin the trend of implying the practice in their daily life, demonstrating to the people surrounding him/her it’s not difficult to become a guardian of this crucial element. The conception on how the problem should be faced are based on my beliefs and inexperienced perception of human action, for this reason I consulted my grandmother's judgment on this matter. Agueda grew up in the Cuban countryside where washing machines didn’t even exist less than a decade ago. If you need three pieces of clothes for the next day, just fill a little bucket with water, place the items inside, and let it sit there for thirty minutes; your clothes would be as wearable as if you wash it twenty times in the washer. †(Delgado) It was important taking into consideration the concerns of person my age and how water shortage worldwide was affecting his life. One of my classmates, named Carlos Garcia, who seems very passionate about this issue, was the perfect candidate to pro vide some information on this method. I asked him about the dishwasher and how he believed using this machine only when needed as going to make a change. He laughed at the fact that people actually use them as an instrument for washing dishes. â€Å"Just because a person got a patent on an invention do not means is useful at home,† Carlos quoted. From his point of view having a dishwasher at home is a waste of space, water, and electricity. His mother, who is the main user of the dishwasher, stores kitchen appliances and has never turn power button on. The author of the essay presented earlier, Fen Montaigne, shows a variety of approaches on how to solve the water deficiency problem and demonstrates how this water distress affects different regions of the world.The story starts as he travels throughout India with a popular dam constructor that has built, with his movement, an estimated of 4,500 dams in about 1000 villages. This break of events illustrates how a person can imp act thousands of people by just showing them how to work together to alleviate the great necessity of water sources that were nonexistent to this time. Now how do I relate his experiences to my sustainable practice at home? We start conserving water using a simple method will then expand our horizons little by little when we get our families involved, and later on our community.Judging on the opinion of an elderly person, a college student, or an educated writer should not be well structure evidence on how the problem should be confronted. You would make your own decision according to your beliefs, and understanding of the concept. By investing on researching any of the earlier stated methods and creating greater knowledge, anyone can help to promote water preservation, and anyone can help to halt this international crisis.

Successful transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Successful transition - Essay Example Mercantilism in this aspect involves a system of economic operation which focuses on unification and improving the levels of power of a certain state majorly monitory wealth through restricted governmental monitoring of an entire economic dimension by use of regulations, policies in order to: Ensure a balance of trade, promote agricultural and technological advancement through the creation of international market monopolies (Atkinson 2012 pg. 4). To begin with, the mercantilism nature of Chinese economy has led to the attraction of a large number of foreign investors especially from the United States. This condition has been related to the intended undervalued currency and the cheap labor available within the Chinese populace; this has created job opportunities to majority of the population as well as to the foreign investors who are presented with a platform to operate their businesses. Additionally, the deliberate undervaluing of the Chinese Currency presents an advantage to both the foreign investors in China and the Local Chinese producers. It enables them to successfully export their goods hence having the access to a large market. In relation to the Chinese Government, the mercantilism has created various advantages for instance: It has enabled the Chinese government to be in possession of an extensive foreign exchange reserve specifically the dollar dominated property which currently stands at 265 billion US dollars. Consequently, there is also the aspect of a higher rate of an increasing Foreign Direct Investments (FDI); this has also been attributed to the intended undervaluing currency of China, availability of cheap labor as well as an influx of foreign business investors major from the United States of America and other major economies such as the Great Britain, Japan, Singapore and the Korea (Davis 2011, pg. 1). Despite the

Business communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business communication - Essay Example I also learned that a poster does not have to be too complicated; in fact, it is quite simple to design. Many people feel that they have to go over the top and design an amazing poster by including many different graphics and pieces of information. However, I kept my poster quite simple and it turned out to be very good. The best way to make a poster is to design if for a young child. If they can understand the layout and the general message that the poster is trying to communicate, then it is perfect for viewers of all ages. In preparation of designing the poster, I found some templates from Genigraphics and chose the one that I though was the most simple yet convincing at the same time. I liked the template that I eventually chose because the layout was very simple to follow and it was not cluttered at all. I included some attention grabbers such as pictures with people holding up protest signs in support of human rights. This is an issue that everyone feels passionately about whet her they admit it or not, so the use of these graphics automatically perks up the interest of the viewer. I decided to go with a poster layout that had a viewing sequence by row. Because most people naturally read left to right before moving down a page, this just seemed the most natural way to design the layout. I had though about a column layout, but that seemed too formal, and I wanted to make sure that my poster was friendly towards the viewer. In term of the colours that I used, I tried to use more light and friendly colours such as blue and green. My reasoning for this is that not only did I want to keep the colour scheme simple, but I did not want to put anyone off from viewing my poster. The use of yellow letters on either a blue or green background does not strain the eyes of the viewer. In my original draft poster, I made the mistake of using too many colours, and this just confused the viewer. If there are too many colours, then a poster can be unappealing because it make s more impact than the actual content. That is why I decided to stick with two main colours that were simple yet effective. For the fonts that I used, I chose to go with one of the more basic fonts because it is very easy to read. For emphasis, I used bold with the content under the Methods & Materials and Conclusion sections in order to make it stand out more. I perhaps made my font size a little bit small, but I think that I also had the trouble with trying to balance just how much information to include. From a distance of one metre away the poster should be able to be fully understood. Upon reflection, I would not change too much to the process for designing the poster and also the actual poster itself. Now that I have successfully designed this poster, I would probably be able to produce one faster if I did this assignment again. That is because I now know what does and doesn’t work when it comes to designing a poster. I could eliminate any mistakes that I experienced th e first time around of doing this assignment. The one thing that I would change though would be to make the font slightly larger so that people could still read the content from a longer distance away. Apart from that, I feel that my poster is very effective in the message that it communicates and it is

Nonverbal Listening Patterns exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nonverbal Listening Patterns exercise - Essay Example There are both positive and negative non-verbal behavioral patterns. Leaning towards the speaker, nodding in acknowledgement and making meaningful eye contact are regarded as positive signals whereas non-verbal signals like blinking, biting the lip or nails, playing with the hair or jewelry, and glancing at the watch display negative non-verbal behavioral patterns (Linder, p. 8). The essay makes a probe into the two Nonverbal Listening Patterns exercises that I had with my aunt (with whom I enjoy spending time) and one of my classmates named Joe (with whom I feel less comfortable). It took almost three days for me to complete the review of each of the exercise and no doubt, these exercises provided me with the necessary improvements that I need to display in my non verbal communication. The first non verbal listening exercise reviewed here is my conversation with my aunt who never failed to show motherly affection, love and concern for me. She was always considerate for me and showed great eagerness to know how I performed in my studies. During the conversation I could maintain direct eye contact with her, which very often lasted for more than 10 seconds and this convinced me of the intimacy, interest and honesty of my conversation with her. When she enquired about my studies, I noticed that I was easily making use of spontaneous and natural emphatic gestures and facial expressions with a lot of enthusiasm. At times, I smiled at her showing my pleasure and leant towards her to display my honest interest in her advices.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Marketing plan - Essay Example However, the company was acquired by Asher Budwig in the year 2011, but the brand name of Lola’s cupcakes continued to exist and the parent company decided to continue the business operations with the same vigour and focus on quality and design (Lola’s cupcakes, 2015b). The contemporary issues faced by the company are on the grounds of health issues. The cupcake and bakery industry has faced certain challenges owing to the changing consumer perception towards healthy diets. The rise in obesity rates in UK has made the customers to shift to food items with less sugar content or lower calorific value (BBC, 2014). Since, cupcakes have high quantity of sugar and can be considered to be a source of obesity so they have faced significant health issues. Moreover, from the point of view of the food consumption pattern of the customers it has been found that the customers, who prefer to eat halal, do not eat gelatinous cakes (Lola’s cupcakes, 2015a). Thus in order to target a wider range of customers Lola cupcakes need to offer a new range of products that offer non-gelatinous products. The target market of Lola cakes has been selected be all across London. The company has decided to target the customers based on their demographic and psychographic profile. The product category of bespoke designer cupcakes is targeted at the young population with the age group ranging in between 12-30 years. Based on the pricing of Lola cupcakes, the products are targeted at the middle and upper middle class of the society, which as a result allows the company to target a wide customer base (Lola’s cupcakes, 2015d). However, the narrow product offering also decreases the opportunity of the company to widen the customer base and target customers from several other demographic segments. The bespoke cupcakes are quite popular among the people with a â€Å"sweet tooth†, thus it can be stated that

Currency Options and Their Role in International Trade Essay

Currency Options and Their Role in International Trade - Essay Example In order to deal with the problem of changing market prices, the trader needs to continually evaluate and analyze the functions of the market and the goals of the business enterprise (Stanley 1998). In addition, the business must be in a position to put in place new market rules and to be monitoring the trade trends and its development. In most of the world states, trade has emerged as one of the key sectors of the economy and most of her citizens depend on the trade for their source of living. The growth of the energy markets and the strategies of the energy providers have been the driving force of these trade improvements over the recent years. A number of commodities in the energy sector such as power, gas, carbon dioxide and even the weather have found their way into the trade market in societies. This has led to the improvement of the use of the scarce resources and increased complex organizations, process interfaces and the system infrastructures. The increased demand for data quality has led to most organizations to adopt the need for risk management that reduces the operational costs during the production process and the actual trading exercise (Dell’Ariccia & Marquez 2010). The international trade is finding its way in society and people have actively been involved in the same and this has led to the emergence of new market models such as market coupling are being discussed and this has made it easier for cross-border trading. On the other hand, the international trade implies that different rules and procedures must be followed and this has led to a change in the trading system that bring on board a number of challenges that require adaptation into existing risk management mechanisms. Exchange Traded Currency Options Foreign exchange traded currency options give a company or an individual the right to exchange the currency of their country into another currency of another country at pre-agreed exchange rate at a given time in the future. This i s the world’s market option although most of the currency trade is done in private and hence it is not possible to determine exactly how large the market is. This form of trade is regulated however in a minimized way and most of the transactions are over the counter. With a few exceptions that are traded on exchanges such as the International Securities Exchange, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange that has options for future contracts (Dong-Hyun & Gao 2003). In the past, the universally accepted currency option was valued by the Bank for International Settlements. For any business enterprise that wish to grow in the international market, there is the need to value the Foreign Exchange factor. Most of the organizations often do not take this risk factor into consideration during their contracts hence the delayed growth, and success in the international market. The international market often fluctuates in value and a given asset or commodity val ued at a given price at a present time might be valued at a higher or lower price in the future due to the exchange rate factor (Manzur, Hoque, & Poitras 2010). In the currency option therefore, the product that is to be traded called a derivative is based on a universally acceptable instrument that

Safety, Health & Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Safety, Health & Security - Essay Example The impact of positive and negative stress on the workplace should be determined. The need for workplace health, safety, and security training should be assessed. And last but not least, effective violence prevention programs should be designed to prevent sexual harassment, unethical behavior, etc. at work. In the western world, development of workplace has been characterized by technologies and jobs that are designed to improve productivity and processes. However, in many cases it has been found that adequate care has not been taken in ascertaining the impact of the job process or technology on the workers. This has led to various imbalances at the workplace, which resulted into attrition, job dissatisfaction, excessive stress, and fall in productivity, etc. Sometimes, it can be observed that machines involved in the work processes have been unnecessarily dangerous. Hence, there is urgency in the industries to improve the conditions at the workplace to give the workers a better environment. Thus, a need of ergonomic research and development has emerged. Ergonomics can be defined as a multi-disciplinary science that seeks to conform the workplace and all its physiological aspects to the worker (Goetsch, 2011). It deals with the different subjects entailed in the improvement of the work place conditions. Ergonomic problems in the workplace manifest among the workers in various ways. The problems are indicated by the conditions of the human factors at the workplace. The bad effects of below standard or unsuitable equipments and systems on the human beings at work can become discernable in the following ways: 1. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) can vary from common pains and aches to relatively more serious difficulties. Medical practitioners recommend that symptoms and signs of physical difficulties at work must be reported before a permanent damage or serious injury actually occurs. The most frequent MSDs that can be observed among the workers in particularly

Psychiatric Nursing Essay Example for Free

Psychiatric Nursing Essay The subject is a 52 year old divorce Caucasian female, of Poland origin, and has lived in the United States for over 20 years. She had been a patient at Tewksbury Hospital since July 2011. She reportedly has a long history of bizarre and impulsive behavior, but has had a steady decline since her divorce in 2004. The patient denies history of taking medication or hospitalization for mental illness. There is no history of mental illness in the family. The subjects states, â€Å"My work is very unique. It’s inspirational spiritual work. I work as a self- healer. I do not need to see a physician for any diseases.† She went on saying â€Å"I have experienced terrible aggression. I am a psychologist. I can do many professions which I do not wish to discuss.† The subject lives in a house in the Boston area, where the rooms are rented and they share a common kitchen. She violated a no-harassment order against another residential by coming into the common kitchen, picking up a knife, and startled the alleged victim. She denies SI/HI. She said she had thoughts of â€Å"going to sleep†, but has no plan for SI. She denies trauma, physical abuse, sexual abuse/ rape. She started smoking at the age 12, 20/day. She was admitted to Tewksbury Hospital with a legal status 15, and then later changed to 16c and 8. She was diagnosed with Axis I: Psychosis NOS and Adjustment disorder (unspecified), Axis II: Deferred, Axis III: right shoulder pain, Axis VI: Homeless, limited community support, GAS: 35. Signs and Symptoms Psychosis is a serious psychiatric disorder in where there is a gross disorganization of the personality and marked disturbance in reality, testing and the impairment of interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world (Townsend 2009). It may cause a person to experience delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified 298.9, is used in diagnosing patient when their symptoms to not meet any of the psychotic disorder. Multiple examples would include: 1) delusions with periods of overlapping ME, 2) post-partum psychosis, 3) psychotic disorders with less than one month duration with no remission, 4) psychotic disorders with unknown etiology, 5) persistent auditory hallucination. Adjustment Disorder is a psychological response to an identifiable stressor or stressors that results in the development of clinically significant emotional or behavioral symptoms. The symptoms must develop within three months after the onset of the stressor(s). Unspecified Adjustment Disorder may be used as a diagnosis if the patient cannot be classified into a specific subtype of Adjustment Disorder. The patients have maladaptive reactions to stressors, and they may include: physical complaints, social withdrawal, or work or academic inhibition.

Sources Of Finance And Working Capital Management Finance Essay

Sources Of Finance And Working Capital Management Finance Essay In the financial context, the working capital management would include the management of debtors, creditors, stock, cash and bank account. This is a kind of short term financing as working capital management will cover current assets and current liability. It is one of the most important and time-consuming activities of the financial manager to ensure the solvency of the firm while attempting to maximize the firms value, there is a constant need to balance profitability and risk. Proper cash management plays an important part to meet permanent financing needs (pay creditors, pay taxes etc). few methods to ease the shortage of cash, such as postpone capital expenditure, negotiation with suppliers about the postpone or reduction of payment with extra caution as any in appropriate negotiation might hurt trading relationship. Furthermore, business can pay the creditor within the discount period so as to pay less to the vendor to enjoy discount, this is a kind of short term financing as it lower down the working capital. No any cost is carried with such kind of financing; business can enjoy higher profit but bear lesser risk. There are 3 basic financing strategies for working capital management to determine the appropriate mix of short-term and long term financing, which would consist of: the aggressive strategy, the conservative strategy and the moderate strategy. The aggressive strategy uses short-term funds to finance all of the firms seasonal and perhaps, a portion of its permanent needs, however, the cost and risk should be taken for consideration. Lower cost since short term financing cost is cheaper but higher risk as the net working capital is lowest. This may have difficulty in obtaining long term fund in an emergency when more financing is required. The conservative strategy uses long term fund to finance all of a firms projected needs and uses short terms funds only in emergencies. Higher cost is incurred since long term financing is more expensive and not needed all year long but low risk since net working capital is high, in addition, short term financing may be readily available in emergency. The moderate financing strategy is a compromise between the aggressive and conservative financing strategies. This result in a level of net working capital somewhat higher than that in aggressive strategy but lower than that of a conservative strategy. Question 2 There are different kind of financing sources which business can gather for its needs. There are four major types of financing such as government aid, business owners, borrowing from the bank and other way of borrowing. For short term financing, all kinds of business would like to borrow loan from the bank, industrial and financial institutions as HSBC (UK) help in promoting new companies, expanding and development of existing companies, providing underwriting facility, provision of local and foreign currency for the purchase of machinery. Commercial paper can be another type of financing which is an unsecured promissory notes issued by very large firms such as HSBC,GM as commercial paper is usually sold at a discount from its face value. Factoring and invoice discounting are the other 2 kinds of short term financing, which simply means that organisation get the advance cash by assign its debt or invoice to the factor, which normally can up to 80% of the value of debts or the amount of selected invoices. Business can through various forms to obtain the medium and long term financing such as debt financing, equity financing and others various forms. Debt financing is ideal for business as it is cheaper to use debt than other forms of financing because lender take lower risk than other long term contributors of capital, long term debts can be obtained through 2 ways: a term loan made by a financial institution such as HSBC which provides flexible business loan, repay over periods of 12 month to 15 years (10 years for fixed rate). The sale of bonds to institutional and individual investors, normally corporate bond are usually issued with maturities of between 5 to 30 years for raising large sum of money to meet its financing needs. Medium and long term financing are obtained through equity financing such as capital market and Initial public offering (IPO), through borrowing and selling shares, company can get much more cash which can be used for further development and other business opportunities. In addition, Listed company can also raise capital through issue right share which is relatively cheap and normally large amount of capital often be raised. Commercial mortgages offered by financial institutes would finance the business to buy freehold or long leasehold premise, for example: bank of Ireland offers flexible payment terms of up to 20 years with optimal repayments throughout the period of the loan. This would ease the tense of businesss medium and long term financing needs. Finally, a debenture is a long-term debt instrument which companies to obtain funds. A debenture is usually unsecured in the sense that there are no liens or pledges on specific assets. It is however, secured by all properties not otherwise pledged. This would satisfy corporate medium and long term financing needs. Question 3 Please refer to the appendix. (Excel format) Question 4 There is different tax liability applied for sole traders, partners and limited companies. For the sole traders, if he/she has any income from self-employment, then he/she should pay any Income Tax and National Insurance contributions due. This will depend on how much you earn from self-employment as he may have to pay Class 2 and Class 4 National Insurance contributions. Class 2 National Insurance contributions were charged at a flat rate, either by monthly Direct Debit or by quarterly bill. However, income Tax and Class 4 National Insurance contributions are based on sole traders profits from self-employment. There is several allowances for personal to claim, such as personal allowance, blind persons allowance, married couples allowance, maintenance payment relief, tax allowances and reliefs. Similar to sole trader, partners have to file an individual Self Assessment tax return. Moreover, partners have to fill in the partnership supplementary pages SA104. In addition, the nominated partner must also file a Partnership Return SA800 showing each partners share of the profits or losses. Supplementary pages might be included too, depending on what types of income the partnership has. The nominated partner is responsible for filing the partnership return but all partners will be jointly liable for any penalties, surcharges and interest if the return is late or inaccurate. Each partner is personally responsible for paying the tax and Class 4 National Insurance contributions due on their share of the partnership profits. Now comes to companies. From 1 April 2010, the corporate tax will be 28%, the taxation changes can be found in the appendix such as small companies tax rate is 21%. A non-resident company carrying on a trade in the UK through a permanent establishment located in the UK is liable to corporation tax on all income and gains attributable to that establishment. Corporation tax rates are fixed for each financial year ended 31 March. If the companys accounting period does not coincide with the financial year, its profits must be time-apportioned and the corporation tax rate is applied accordingly. Marginal relief applies to companies with profits between  £300,000 and  £1,500,000. The tax thresholds may be reduced where the UK Company has associated companies worldwide or an accounting period of less than 12 months. Large companies (broadly, those with profits taxed at 28%) are required to pay their tax to HM Revenue (HMRC) in instalments (generally in four equal instalments). The first payment is due six months and 14 days from the first day of the accounting period. There is a minimum limit which enables companies with an annual corporation tax liability of  £10,000 or less to avoid making such payments. For companies not required to pay their tax in instalments to HMRC, corporation tax is due for payment nine months and one day after the end of the companys accounting period Question 5 In the new tax incentive scheme, all business are eligible for the PIC( Productivity and Innovation Credit) for the year of assessment 2011 to 2015 if company invest in any one of following: Enhanced capital allowance or deduction for acquisition or leasing of prescribed automation equipment; Enhanced deduction of qualifying training expenditure; Enhanced writing-down allowance for acquisition of Intellectual Property Rights; Enhanced deduction of costs for registering certain Intellectual Property Rights; Enhanced deduction of qualifying research and development expenditure; and Enhanced deduction of qualifying design expenditure. Business can deduct up to 250% of their expenditure which incurred during these 5 years on each of these actitivities. Form the YA 2011 to 2012, a combined of 600,000 dollars of expenditure of each activity and 300,000 dollars of expenditure for YA 2013 to 2015 can be deducted from their income. In addition, businesses are eligible to convert up to $300,000 (but not less than $1,500) of the qualifying deductions for all six qualifying activities under the PIC   at a rate of 7% into a cash payout of up to $21,000 each year. This new scheme will promote business to invest most on machinery and train their employees to meet one national goal- more productive and innovative for the nation, for the worldwide competitiveness. For the new start up company, company can claim full tax exemption on the first 100,000 dollars of normal chargeable income and 50% for the next 200,000 dollars. This scheme will support local entrepreneurs and help local business grow as the starting of business is always difficult. Other common expenses or tax incentive companies can enjoy are: business expense, capital allowance, industrial building allowances, land intensification allowance, loss carry-back relief and unutilised losses, capital allowances and donations. Question 6 Problem 2 500,000=100,000+150,000+250,000 The payback period is 3 years. Year Cash Flow PV of Cash Flow Cumulative 0 -500,000 -500,000 -500,000 1 100,000 100,0000.9009=90090 -409910 2 150,000 150,0000.8116=121,740 -288170 3 250,000 250,0000.7312=182,800 -105,370 4 300,000 300,0000.6587=197,610 PV=FVx(PVIFn,11%) The discounted payback period=3+ 105,370/197610=3.53years Since 3 Problem 4 a) Year Cash Flow PV of Cash Flow 0 -225,000 -225000 1 75,000 75,0000.8547=64,102.5 2 125,000 125,0000.7305=91,312.5 3 200,000 200,0000.6244=124,880 (total)=280,295 PV=FVx(PVIFn,17%) NPV=280,295-225,000=55,295 b) PI= 280,295/225,000=1.26 c) The project should be accepted as a profitability index greater than 1 and there is consistent with a positive net present value, 1.26 indicates that company can earn the 17% of required rate of return, plus provide a net present value of $ 0.26 per $1.00 of net investment. Problem 6 Year Cash Flow PV of Cash Flow 0 -875,000 -875,000 1 400,000 400,0000.8850=354,000 2 500,000 500,0000.7831=391,550 3 600,000 600,0000.6931=415,860 Total=1,161,410 NPV= -875,000+400,000/(1+r)+500,000/(1+r)2+600,000/(1+r)3=0 IRR=30% Beginning Value=875,000 Terminal Value=354,000+391,550+600,000=1,345,550 So: MIRR=24% 24%>13% and 30%>13%, so we should accept the project. Question 7 There are several technique of financial appraisal, such as NPV, IRR,payback period, discounted payback period etc. Both NPV and IRR generate same accept/reject decision at given cost of capital but may rank project differently due to underlying assumptions such as NPV assumes cash flow are reinvested at the cost of capital( k is from funding), IRR assumes cash flow are reinvested at the internal rate of return itself( k is for project), thus the magnitude and timing of cash flows will affect the ranking of the projects. Theoretically, NPV is superiors than IRR as it assumes cash flow s are reinvested at the cost of capital which is more realistic than being able to reinvest at a higher rate( usually) in the IRR. Thus, NPV will be more effective to measure project prospect. There are a number of projects for which using IRR is not as effective as using NPV to discount cash flows. IRRs major limitation is also its greatest strength: it uses one single  discount rate to evaluate every investment. Practically, IRR is superior, as it is easier to understand, though more difficult to calculate as trial and error approach is used to find the IRR. The NPV method is inherently complex and requires assumptions at each stage discount rate, likelihood of receiving the cash payment, etc. The IRR method simplifies projects to a single number that management can use to determine whether or not a project is economically viable. The result is simple, but for any project that is long-term,  that has multiple cash flows at different discount rates, or that has uncertain cash flows in fact, for almost any project at all simple IRR isnt good for much more than  presentation value, therefore, IRR is less effective than the NPV. For payback period method, there are two main problems associated with it: It ignores any benefits that occur after the payback period and, therefore, does not measure profitability and ignores the time value of money. Whereas for discounted payback period method, it considers the time value of money and the riskiness of the projects cash flows (through the cost of capital) but no concrete decision criteria that indicate whether the investment increases the firms value and it requires an estimate of the cost of capital in order to calculate the payback and ignores cash flows beyond the discounted payback period. In general, each method has the certain extent of effectiveness on project prospect measurement. Question 8 a)Current ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities = 146,438,269/220,500,307 = 0.664 A ratio of 0.664 means that for every $1 owned by the firm, it has $0.664 of current assets that can be converted into cash to meet these debt obligation, so company can not cover its debt now. b) Quick ratio = (CurrentAssets-Inventory-Prepaid Expenses)/Current Liabilities = (146,438,269-59,716,920)/ 220,500,307 = 0.393 A ratio of 0.393 means that each dollars of short-term debt is backed by $0.393 of cash or near-cash assets. c) Inventory Turnover= Cost of Goods sold/Ending Inventory =333,027,693/59,716,920 =5.577 A ratio of 5.577 times means that during the year, on the average, the company sell its inventory 5.577 times. Number of days it takes to sell its stock are 365/5.577=65.4. d) Profit Margin =Gross Profit/Net Sales =65,423,180/1,254,805,671 =0.052 $1 net sales generate $0.052 towards covering operating expenses and the excess contribute to net profit. e) Return on assets =Net operating profit before interest/ending total assets = (44,815,036+41,737,790)/1,612,578,813 =0.054 Every $1 asset generates a profit of $0.054. f) Return on common stockholders equity = net profit after tax/ending ordinary stockholders equity = 44,815,036/516,770,461 =0.087 It means that every $1 invested by the ordinary stockholder earns a net profit of $0.087 g) Debt to total asset ratio =total liabilities/total asset =1,095,808,352/1,612,578,813 =0.680 It means that 68% of the total asset are finance by borrowing as the percentage of assets financed by creditors increases, the riskiness of the company increases. h) Times interest earned = (Net profit before deducting interesttax/interest expense = (44,815,036+41,737,790)/ 41,737,790 =2.074 It means that recurring income is 2.074 times of interest payment. i) Asset Turnover =revenue/total asset =1,254,805,671/1,612,578,813 =0.778 This means that companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover, it indicates pricing strategy. This ratio is more useful for growth companies to check if in fact they are growing revenue in proportion to sales by 0.778 times. ( 2497 words)

Incorporating Farmers Knowledge in International Rice Research Essay

Incorporating Farmers' Knowledge in International Rice Research The longevity of many cultures can be attributed to their adherence to tradition, specifically subsistence practices. More likely than not, trying to push modern technology into these cultures will only result in disaster. Such is the case with the Green Revolution and the rice situation Stephen Lansing covered in The Balinese. It simply does not seem logical to disrupt traditional practices that have supported a culture for so long. There is a reason certain practices have been around for so long and that is because they work the best for certain people in certain locations. Sam Fujisaka supports this notion which is the basis for his article "Incorporating Farmers' Knowledge in International Rice Research." Fujiska's article describes his research done examining traditional farming techniques of the Claveria people of the Southern Philippines, so that their methods of rice farming may be used to improve research of agriculture. This article sets a good example for researchers of more developed countries who study such indigenous cultures. Rather than trying to see which modern technology from the "outside world" will best help these cultures, Fujisaka attempts to learn from these cultures' traditional methods to help improve the farming industry. Fujisaka's study of rice farming in the Philippines is much like Lansing's study in Bali, in that both cultures rely heavily on rice farming and both cultures suffered much the same from the effects of the Green Revolution. Thus, finding what improvements need to be made and how, is an important task that could help many people. Fujisaka began exploring these improvements by interviewing local Clave... ...ys best for everyone. This is a point that is necessary for people (specifically anthropologists) to bring into the light when dealing with other cultures. Understanding as much as possible about a culture is essential before attempting to get involved with their lives and, as Fujisaka shows, before getting their lives involved in others. He concludes "that the knowledge of farmers can be used first to identify and prioritise research issues" (139), and considering the respect for these cultures with which he conducted his research, Fujisaka's study can be considered more sound than most. References Fujisaka, Sam. "Incorporating Farmers' Knowledge in International Rice Research." The Cultural Dimension of Development: IndigenousKnowledge Systems. Ed. Warren, D. Michael et al. 1995 124-139. Lansing, J. Stephen. The Balinese Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1995.

The Origin and Structure of our Universe Essay -- Physics Universe Spa

I suppose that the Universe we can observe and cognize consists of self-developing hierarchically co-subordinate and genetically relative systems of cosmic bodies. Each of the systems is distinguished by the qualitative state of substance composing its bodies but main evolution mechanisms are common to all the systems. What is common to all the systems? The central most massive body of every system is a parental body for its younger members. The central massive body of every system at intervals conceives in its interiors new cosmic bodies to put them into initial (circum-parental) orbits. In other words, the central body of every system stimulates newborn bodies to move under their own momentum (along a straight line) and to rotate about its axis due to its own gravitational attraction force. But the central gravitating body constantly and intensely loses its mass (photon and corpuscular). So, the orbits of newborn bodies are (must be) spiral-like rather than closed due to the law of universal gravitation. It means that newborn bodies move away from their parental body that is every system expands. It should be noted that every cosmic body is imponderable, i.e. it undergoes gravitational interaction with other bodies. What is the cause? The cause is that imponderability is provided by a certain orbital rate of the body controlled by the law of universal gravitation. The rate depends on radius of the body orbit relative to the system's central body: the more is the orbit radius, the less orbital rate the body needs to be imponderable. It can be seen from the motion of the Solar System's planets, satellites of giant planets and from the Earth's artificial satellites launched by man. The motion of both artificial satellites and cosmic bodies is governed by the same laws. I suppose that our Universe consists of hierarchically relative systems as follows: The first system: the Origin - the central gravitating body of our Universe, and its born nuclei of super-galaxies (the Origin is not considered in the present work). The second system: nuclei of super-galaxies and their born nuclei of galaxies. The third system: nuclei of galaxies and their born stars. The fourth system: stars and their born planets including giant planets, comets, meteorites. The fifth system: giant planets and their born satellites, comets, meteorites. One specific feat... ...ycles, regularity in variations of the Earth's biota and even its evolutionary orientation: from simple to complex, from protozoans unicells to man. In other words, the genetic code of the Earth is recorded in the congealed layers. Its deciphering will provide us with an insight into the past and the future of the Earth. In conclusion, a quick look at the future of the Earth as a planet. As it moves away from the Sun thus losing the supply of the Solar energy, the Earth will have to cool down. Its active geological processes will stop. The future of the Earth is the present of the Mars. But if my hypothesis is true, the future of the Earth is not so dismal. Penetrated beneath the lithosphere the man can be the owner of a huge bulk of treasures... as congealed layers of chemical elements. In other words, the humanity is provided by natural resourses. The problem is only how they can be extracted. Moreover, by defrosting elementary layers in the future, the humanity could revive the congealed Mars by regenerating its natural atmosphere and create conditions favourable for the existence. According to V.Vernadsky, the humanity will really become the geological and cosmic force.

Comparing the way two poets, John Claire and Ted Hughes, write about :: English Literature

Comparing the way two poets, John Claire and Ted Hughes, write about the theme of nature and the season of summer. Through out my essay, in which is to follow, I will be comparing the way two poets, John Claire and Ted Hughes, write about the theme of nature and the season of summer. The two poems that I am to study are Work And Play written by Ted Hughes and Summer Images written by John Claire in the 1800's. In both the poems the poets are talking directly to us (the reader). Although both poems are about summer and nature they are coming at us from very different points of view. In Work and Play Ted Hughes Talks directly to us about how nature in terms of the swallow deals with summer 'the swallow of summer she toils all the summer' and how nature in terms of human beings deal with summer 'But the holiday people were laid out like wounded flat as in ovens roasting and basting'. He makes the comparison between the beauty of the swallow and ugliness of the humans throughout the poem. When thinking of summer one can't help but get a rosy picture in ones mind, the beach, the sun, and the fun!! But Hughes paints a more realistic picture for us. He shows us the down side and instantly wipes away the mental picture and shows us its not all fun. Through out the poem he also points out how we are destroying our surroundings giving it a very green, environmental feel to it. He pacifically concentrates on cars, petrol and pollution 'Serpent of cars that crawl through the dust' 'in hailing petroleum'. As you can clearly tell Ted Hughes is constantly contrasting the humans (nature at its worst) with the swallow (nature at its best). John Clair's poem comes across from a different angle. He concentrates on everything that is right with nature; through out his poem we get a very romanticised view of summer, and in every stanza he describes nature to its full beauty 'much beauty intervenes', 'turn up the silver lining to the sun'. Every word that John Clair uses in his poem he manages to romanticise in some way, for example 'the jetty snail creeps from the mossy thorn' John Claire softeners the word thorn by adding a soft word in front of it, in this case the word was mossy. In the time that Claire was writing this poems was seeing nature through rose coloured glasses, but he was also summing up what people of his time thought of nature.

Health Literacy Impact On Health Health And Social Care Essay

Health literacy is defined as â€Å" The grade to which persons have the capacity to obtain, procedure, and understand basic wellness information and services needed to do appropriate wellness determinations † ( Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, 2010 ) , the word Health literacy was foremost appeared in 1974 in a paper which calls for â€Å" instruction criterions for all grade school degrees in USA † ( Carolyn Speros, 2004 ) . Some recent plants suggest that there is a relation between literacy, low wellness and premature deceases ( Christina Zarcadoolas et Al, 2005 ) .Awareness on Health literacyThe construct of wellness literacy was foremost originated in early old ages and it was recognised as an independent research field in 1990s ( Andrew pleasant and Shyama Kuruvilla, 2008 ) . The consciousness on the wellness and the literacy is often raising, and several authoritiess are implementing assorted national programmes to raise literacy degrees and wellness criterions. The au thorities and some administrations are implementing wellness consciousness programmes in the community, and they promote them through media societal selling through printed stuffs. However, people who can read booklets and printed text can merely cognize the information in it. So accessibility to wellness information is a cardinal factor among every person in community, which can be achieved by wellness literacy ( Heather and Lisa Langille, 2006 ) . There are so many states holding low literacy rates. Heather and Lisa Langille ( 2006 ) stated that literacy is the indispensable BASIC for wellness literacy and person ‘s life reflects the relationship with wellness and literacy. WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health recognised that, literacy as holding a cardinal function in make up one's minding wellness inequalities in both developed and undeveloped states. Even a rich state has fewer literacy accomplishments among persons, which may connote hapless wellness cognition every bit good. The ratio of people missing of operational literacy in single states of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ranges about from 7 % to 47 % ( UN Development Program, 2007 ) .Appraisal of Health literacy and its resultHealth literacy can be estimated through, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine ( REALM ) and the Test of Functional Literacy in Adults ( TOFHLA ) . Even so, Andrew pleasant and Shyama Kuruvill a, 2008, argues that none of these make sense of an appropriate measuring of wellness literacy. The Trial of Functional literacy in grownups merely concentrates on single capacity to read the medical information on some medical faux pass and labels. Rather than there are tonss of research works done on the subject of wellness literacy and its attack in public wellness, which provides best illustrations along with good information and major accomplishments.Health Literacy and its impact on single wellnessThe jobs associated with the wellness literacy have been identified by the research workers in the last 10 old ages. They came to cognize the function played by it in the medical every bit good as the person ego attention by the comprehension of information related to wellness and the results related to it ( Carolyn Speros, 2004 ) . The people withA hapless literacy degrees may be prone to hold bad wellness position and demo more unhealthy behaviors like inordinate intoxicant consumption and smoke ( San Diego, Calif 2004 ) .The People holding low wellness literacy may possessA weak communicating accomplishments on wellness related issues may take to improper diagnosing of their wellness status and inappropriate use of medicine and utilizing of wellness attention services provided by the authorities are besides misused. Which factors have the major impact on the wellness results of the persons? Don Nutbeam, 2008 have proposed three critical points where the wellness literacy shows its impact on community, they are making to the wellness attention services, Communication between the wellness attention staff and patients, and personal attention. The people with low wellness cognition might hold more opportunities to take an unhealthy life style due to the deficiency of minimal wellness consciousness on the bar ofA several infective diseases, A properA utilizing of the inoculations and hapless direction of assorted unwellnesss, and there is a more opportunity of geting diseases because wellness result wholly depends on self direction of the patient. The people with low literacy accomplishments are passing four times more outgo on their wellness attention, harmonizing to some estimations in United States more than 75 % of people holding chronic mental or physical unwellness comes under hapless literacy class ( Marie Ivnik and Maureen y, 2008 ) . A individual with the ability to read and understand the basic degree wellness issues have the capacity to do usage of wellness attention services, and they can pull off their wellness by lifestyle alteration and by increasing their life criterions at an single and community degree ( D on Nutbeam, 2008 ) . Health literacy improves the populace to entree available information of wellness and the ability to give appropriate feedback on his ain wellness position, determination doing on wellness and can take a disease free life style which lessens the frequent visits to infirmaries ( Carolyn Speros, 2004 ) .Different ways to advance Health LiteracyAssorted consciousness programmes conducted by authorities such as national obliteration programmes in bar of Poliomyelitis, Malaria, Tuberculosis, etc. , and some consciousness programmes on maternal wellness, pediatric wellness, etc. are advancing wellness literacy by educating the people on diseases and its preventative method. Health literacy may be promoted through ocular media, printed stuff, and cyberspace beginnings. However, these beginnings sometimes do n't demo satisfactory results. The people who are nonreaders and who unable to utilize internet beginnings and those who can non read the printed information are mi sapplying these services. Egbert N and Nanna KM 2009, suggests that the wellness information should be made in a user friendly mode which is in an easy accessible mode which explicit information with ocular links. The best manner to advance wellness literacy is through the direct interaction by wellness attention suppliers with the people who can non read. Nurses and other wellness attention individuals should move as Health voluntaries and make a convenient environment so that the people can interact with wellness pedagogues and discourse on wellness issues, attempts are made to increase patient and physician interaction ( Tanya L and Al-Assaf, 2006 ) .DecisionHealth literacy plays a cardinal function on the overall wellness and well-being. Multiple factors like proper use of wellness attention services, communicating of wellness issues with wellness attention suppliers, taking healthy life style, A good hygienic conditions, taking preventative steps like immunization, which might demo to impact an person ‘s physical and mental wellbeingA A are straight or indirectly associated with wellness literacy. So it is suggested that advancing wellness literacy will do a healthy community, and it should be considered as a primary public wellness end.

The Meaning of Citizenship

The Meaning of Citizenship Essay The Meaning of Citizenship according to the author is what we make it mean. What a bunch of malarkey! The history of how the definition of citizenship has evolved was well done but I kept having this feeling that she was trying to get me to subscribe to some new world order of citizenship. I like the Dictionary definition of citizenship is the state of being vested with the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen. The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen.She suggested that citizenship was inconsistent from the very beginning of the United States. Yes it was because we were all immigrants from the start. Women were still seen a property to their husband, Africans was slaves, Native American conquered, and a lot of old world racism was in full swing. America was the great experiment by its founding fathers. Never had it been tried to bring all people together a s one country of citizens, well at least what they consider â€Å"as people† at that time.Some may argue that the romans were doing the same thing but they were doing it at sword point then by volunteer. Even though some of the founding father was still behind in their thinking others were not. They build the constitution so that future generations could learn from their father’s mistake and improve America for everyone. I was very surprise that the Supreme Court did not rule that the power of husbands over wives is no longer recognizable in law until 1992. Wow that took 216 years to figure that out.Also that if a woman got married to a noncitizen she would lose her citizenship and be seen as a citizen of her husband country but on the flip side of the coin if the wife married an American husband they became a US citizen until the law change in 1934. Currently the married spouse has the option to either become a permanent residence or naturalization. Naturalization is no easy task either. Under the Path to citizenship on the U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services the spouse has to take a naturalization test. Sad part according to US News and World Report Weekly poll done back in April of 2012 1 in 3 Americans would fail this test.Another big issue today is illegal women having children in the United State in order to not to get deported. This loop-hole has become to be known as â€Å"baby anchor†. In a way they gain citizenship though the kids. Many countries have closed this loop-hole and I think it time for America to do so too. I would give amnesty to all kids and parents here now then set a deadline date 10months out that one of the child parents is must be a U. S. Citizen otherwise that child will be consider as the citizen of one of the parent foreign citizenship.The history about race factor on citizenship was pretty much dead on. Of all the nationalities from around the world the people from African have had it the worst. Even till this day I don’t see why people looked down on Africans. African American has had the hardest time integrate in to American society. It was mostly because their immigration was forced to America by slavery. When they won their freedom they were still treated like 2nd class citizens. Even today most of the culture seems torn about where they fit into America society. The Chinese and Japanese were treated just as badly.They were seen as rats or beasts to use till they dropped over dead. If anything they weren’t even seen as human beings. They fought back hard to earn their rights and somehow moved forward as a culture to integrate with American society. Then the author goes into class warfare for three pages. Most of it did not make sense other then she trying to make the argument that social security is some kind social citizenship. Now the way I see it with immigration most moving from one country to another are lower or poor people. When they move into a very wel l off country they can bear the cost of it.America is at a point where immigration is collapsing local government fiances. More people are pulling from the system then put in. The states along the Mexican border are suffering majorly from this due to illegal immigration. Immigration is a good thing for a country but it must be controlled. In Europe many countries are having negative birth rates meaning more people are dying faster than babies are born. In a capitalism economy they build the social program are design to be funded by future population grow who pay into the social program.The problem is that most of their growth now is from immigration that are almost doubling unemployment in European country but benefiting from the host country social programs. (See http://www. migrationpolicy. org/pubs/TCM-integration. pdf) Linda Kerber once again starts to ramble on for another five pages. It covers the Boston Tea Party, Dred Scott decision of 1857, Yick Wo the laundry guy vs. Hopki ns, War Brides Act of World War II, and a few other Supreme Court rulings to support her views, California Proposition 187, the Cold War, Iran-Contra, Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and something about Peter Pan vs.Captain Hooker. Well not that last thing. All of this was a setup to give you a right hook to the head about her post national citizenship idea. And so she opens up with â€Å"Do we need citizenship? † This is where the final punch gets you. She starts to make hidden points to being a one world citizenship because like as she stated from the start citizenship means what we make it mean. This will not work as many cultures that have such polar views of each other.An example would be that Islam faith is so tie into it governing system that is Islamic law which is set by the religion is law via in United State religion is kept separated from government laws. She is right that we are one world family but we live under different homes with different rules and values. To me illegal immigration is like having the uninvited family member visits you. They say they are only going to be visiting for 3 days but end up staying for years. We can’t just join with other people if they don’t believe in the Bill of Rights created by our founders.What would be the point of freedom of the press if you can’t write about something that will offend a person or group? In the end I think most people keep mixing citizenship and culture together. Becoming a citizenship must mean more then I was able to sneak into this land. We must close the loop-holes in immigration to remove some of the arguments on citizenship but not eliminate immigration itself. We have to end this feeling of it means whatever it means to you. It’s a cop out. We must stand firm that this is what it takes to be a citizen of the United States.

Collective security during the interwar period Essay

The term ‘collective security’ can be defined as a security agreement in which all states cooperate directly, collectively, and and every state accepts that the security of one is in the concern of all. In other words, when one of the states part of this agreement violates the rights to freedom of other nations, all other member states will have to join forces to restore peace, penalizing the aggressor state. This model is based on participation and compulsoriness. An agressor state is about to meet a united opposition of the entire world community. The concept of collective security is based on the consent of all or the majority of states to act against any state that unlawfully violates peace. The main idea of collective security is the assumption that no state will want to change the power and order of world community, and if so, all other states will act together against the aggressor state in order to reestablish the global equilibrium. An ideal collective security organization assumes a very high degree of congruent interest among its members. 1 Interstate rivalry and power politics and effectively elliminated.2 As a legal form of states’ cooperation, a collective security system differs from any traditional alliance. The alliance is the way in which a state gets benefits in the event of a conflict after an agreement with another state or several states involved to a predetermined level to maintain their common interest. Alliances form because weak states band together against great powers in order to survive in an anarchic international system.3 The alliance pattern involves the decision to change or maintain the balance of power at local, regional or global level. In general, an alliance has on the other side another alliance with opposite purposes. It is, therefore, a structure of bloc against bloc. Arising from the need to find a way to avoid the outbreak of a new world war, collective security represented, in the interwar period, at least for some countries in Europe, almost the only option of foreign  policy that seemed viable to defend the national interests. The term ‘League of Nations’ (Society of Nations) existed since 1908, when Là ©on Bourgeois4 proposed a new system of organizing international relations. The idea was taken up and supported by groups and associations in France, Great Britain and United States of America, where presidents Roosevelt and Taft supported the formula of a security system in which aggressors automatically received economic and military sanctions from the international community. In June 1915, a League for strengthening peace, supported by Taft, was in favour for a Society of Nations based on collective security and strengthening international law. President Woodrow Wilson is the one who, on 27th of May 1916 marked for the first time, in concrete, institutional terms, the project of such an organization. In 1920, the League of Nations formally established, with the entry into force of the Covenant of the League of Nations, ratified by 42 states in 1919. The organization was meant to include all countries and to resist aggression in all parts of the globe.5 While all members participated in the General Assembly, the League Council was established to guide the operation of the organization. 6 The authority of the League was never seriously questioned, until the early 1930s, when a series of events proved its ineffectiveness. The League of Nations was concieved as a tool for maintaining international peace and security and for promoting interstate cooperation. The main mean by which the League was to ensure peacekeeping was a collective security system, at least in Europe, based on the principle ‘all for one’. According to this principle, all states should have been engaged in mutual guarantee of international peace and security. This concept was included in both League of Nations Covenant and peace treaties. The problem of creating a collective security system specifically concerned the small and medium states. With no ability of defending themselves in the face of possible aggression coming from great powers, the system of collective security was the only defending solution. Hence, the small and medium states were the most active in terms of supporting the Society of Nations’ efforts of peacekkeping. Their position towards this problem proved to be crucial both on the prospects of the forum in Geneva , as in peace prospects. The League of Nations represented a start in the process of democratization and evolution of international life, in the direction of establishing a new system in which  all states can find a place and role, a tribune for expressing their positions, under the aegis of general principles of international law. There were obtained achievements in different fields, of interstate cooperation, there were tested some mechanisms of peacekeeping, there were made efforts for promoting economic development in the spirit of interdependence, which was more and more obvious at an international level. Contrary to all these positive elements, the League of Nations was ultimately a failure and couldn’t fulfill its key objectives: prevent another war by creating a security system based on collective guarantees, resolving conflicts by peaceful means and eliminating economic crises by promoting openness in international trade relations, according to the requirements of globalization. The general crisis in 1929 – 1923 which had devastating effects on the economic, political and moral field and the rise of the totalitarian regimes opened the door for the World War II, which ended, at the same time, the attempt of a League of Nations in building a world of peace, security and prosperity. The League of Nations ceased to function with the beginning of World War II, although the formal decision to dissolve the League was adopted after the entry into force of the UN Charter on April 18, 1946. The United Nations, like the League, emerged in the wake of a devastating war.7 Romania in the League of Nations In order to better understand how the system of collective security works, I chose to talk about what meant to Romania the membership in the League of Nations and the benefits it enjoyed through this status. Romania, one of the 32 founding members of the League of Nations, contributed, under the aegis of this organization, at creating a general security system throughout Europe and especially in South Eastern Europe. Romania’s main purpose was keeping the territorial status-quo, which implicitly meant the integration of Greater Romania. Regarding the benefits of being part of the League, an advantage would be the prestige of being a member, as Nicolae Titulescu said: â€Å"Allow me to express my deep gratitude for the great honor you have done to my country and to me, personally, by handing, through your votes, the great dignity of being President of the 11th Assembly of League of  Nations†.8 The benefits arose from correlating the membership with the fact that Romani a had emerged victorious from the Great War, won enough territories to unite Romanians under one state and needed protection because these territories were an inportant target for the neighbours also. Aditionally, the League united the world’s most influential states and declared a forum for discussion in the spirit of arbitration, consensus and justice. Therefore, the member states were seen from the outside as being driven by the same values. Accepting Romania in the League of Nations meant the acknowledgement that it agreed with the principles of the organization. The League of Nation’s main goal was ensuring peace. From my point of view, all nations that were members of the League, believed in democracy and freedom, but the political leadership had not always reflected these ideals. When the political leadership tended to war, the only barriers were those related to methods and not to ideals. The benefit that Romania had being a member of League of Nations was one of prestige, because joining the organization meant a statement of principles that corresponded to those of the civilized world. Therefore, being a member of the League indicated that the state was inte grated in the world’s civilized nations and that’s what Romania wanted. Joining the League of Nations meant for the Romanian people the end of the period in which was threatened by the Great Powers and could not develop because of that. Once it joined the Society of Nations, Romania acceeded all the international organisms related to the League. Among these, the one that brought the most benefits to Romania was International Labour Organization. A very good study of that time’s ideas regarding the International Labour Organization was made by Grigore Trancu-IaÅŸi9, in a conference form, shown in ‘Romania’s foreign policy, 19 public lectures organized by the Romanian Social Institute’. The author identified the principles of this organization as needed to be urgently implemented by its members. The principles could be regarded as ‘left’, but were more like ideas that approached the society to social justice. The League recognized the idea that its supreme ideal was that peace cannot happen where there is no social justice. The International Labour Organization ensured bringing social justice through the prospect of working conditions. Romania, as a member of the Organization, registerd benefits in the social justice and had the right of decision over these measures. This paper aims to analyze what  collective security meant for the society in the inter-war period and, particularly, what meant to Romania and the effects of being in a collective security organization. Romania had multiple benefits generated by its membership in the League of Nations, even though this organization failed on its supreme mission. Romania’s benefits from being a member of the League related to international prestige, good relations with the neighbours, social justice and the most important, international power increase. Bibliography: MORGENTHAU, Hans J., International Affairs: The Ressurection of Neutrality in Europe†, The American Political Science Review, vol. 33, nr. 3; Politica ExternÄÆ' a Romà ¢niei – 19 prelegeri publice organizate de Institutul Social Romà ¢n, Institutul Social Romà ¢n, BucureÅŸti, 1926; SCUTARU, Ioan, Romà ¢nia ÅŸi Marile Puteri, editura FundaÃ… £iei „Romà ¢nia de Mà ¢ine†, Bucuresti, 1999; KUPCHAN, Charles A. and KUPCHAN Clifford A., Concerts, Collective Security and the Future of Europe, International Security, Vol. 16, No.1, Summer 1991; RISSE-KAPPEN, Thomas, Collective Identity in a Democratic Community: The case of NATO, 1996. MIROIU, Andrei, BalanÃ… £Ã„Æ' ÅŸi Hegemonie: Romà ¢nia à ®n politica mondialÄÆ', 1913 – 1989, Editura Tritonic, BucureÅŸti, 2005.

Due Dates and Instructions for Course Assignments Essay

JAN 12 AUTOBIOGRAPHY- You are required to post this assignment in the Autobiography section giving us some background about yourself, where you grew up, the family you grew up in, where you live, interests and hobbies, and anything else you would like us to know about you, your chosen major, your goals, etc. If you have any digital photo(s) of yourself you may feel free to attach it as well. Please include a few thoughts about why you are taking this course, what you hope to learn, and how you think you can apply it to your life. This assignment is graded on your ability to accurately present yourself to the rest of the class and how well you convey your initial thoughts about the study of sociology and this course. Please keep in mind that this assignment is worth an entire letter grade. It is worth the same amount of points as your mid-term paper! So, please put the appropriate time and thought into it. It should be a bare minimum of 350 words. It needs to be typed directly into th e Discussions section (or copied and pasted) but links to documents are not allowed. Other students and I should be able to read your post without opening an attachment. JAN 19-APR 20 WEEKLY CHAPTER QUIZZES- There will be one exam for each chapter for a total of 24 exams. Each exam will have 20 questions or less with an assigned point value for each question totaling 20 points. Due dates for each chapter quiz can be found in course syllabus and on the course calendar. There will usually be 2 chapter quizzes per week. WEEKLY CHAPTER DISCUSSION POSTINGS- There will be a discussion posting for each chapter, 24 total. Some weeks will cover only one chapter but most will cover two chapters. Due dates for each chapter discussion posting can be found in the course syllabus and in the course calendar. Each chapter discussion posting will be worth a maximum of 5 points (3 for original post  and 2 for response post). Full credit of 120 points will be awarded based on the student’s responses to instructor questions (3 or more) and responses to classmates’ postings (1 or more) for each chapter’s discussion. Your answers must reflect that you have read the corresponding chapters. In order for other students to have adequate opportunity to respond to your posts, your original posting must be posted prior to 9:00 pm on the due date. Your response posts can be posted until the close of the discussion at 11:59 pm. Original postings posted after 9:00 pm will be docked 1 pt. You will have one week to complete the discussion postings. Late postings will not be accepted. MAR 2 CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROBLEM REPORT The purpose of this assignment is to help you define and understand what constitutes a social problem. You will research a social problem that you consider important so that you can develop a sociological perspective of the issues facing the world that we live in. You can choose a problem in your local community, in the nation, or a more global issue that affects everyone. As you perform your research for this assignment please make sure that you allow enough time and sources to fully understand what you are writing about before you start. You will write critically about the problem that you select which requires a careful evaluation of the questions to be answered as they relate to the problem. Using more than one research source will enhance your sociological perspective of the problem. This will also make you better able to look at how the problem originated and examine what can be done about it. The final question requires that you attempt to come up with solutions to the problem based on what you have learned through your research. Resources such as daily newspapers, weekly news magazines, or regularly published journals will help you to research your social problem. Be sure that you do not simply summarize an article without a critical evaluation of what was written. In your paper you will address the following questions: 1.Why is this problem considered a social problem? 2.When, how, and where did the problem begin? 3.What other social problems are related to this problem? 4.What groups are affected by the problem? 5.Who is hurt by it? 6.Who benefits (or stands to gain) from the problem? 7.How does it affect you personally? 8.What can be done and by whom, to alleviate the problem? Your report should be clear, brief, and concise, with a minimum of 2 pages and a maximum of 3 pages. Use 12 point font and double space this assignment. You can list the questions and answer them individually or you may write the report in a narrative form. You are required to find and use a minimum of 2 scholarly references (a scholarly reference does NOT include newspapers, magazines, etc. A scholarly reference is bona fide research from a credible source, ie., Pub Med., published research from an accredited University, etc.) for this assignment and paper should be written in APA format. A grading rubric for this assignment is included in the assignment dropbox. The assignment should be submitted in the course assignment dropbox prior to the final due date. APR 28 FINAL ASSIGNMENT- This assignment is designed to effectively assess what the student has learned in the course. Students will demonstrate their comprehension of course material by applying sociological concepts, terminologies, and perspectives to any type of contemporary topic or cultural dimension. The topic for this sociological perspective may come from a book, a periodical article, a television program, movie, news program, cultural event, or observation. The paper should be well thought out and the application of sociological concepts, terminologies and perspectives to the chosen topic should be accurate and well defined. Choose a topic that allows you to apply as many sociological terms and concepts as possible. This assignment is expected to be a minimum of 3 pages with a maximum of 4 pages. Use 12 point font and double spacing for this assignment. At least one scholarly reference should be cited in order to give depth and substance to this assignment. Paper should be written in APA style. Grading will be based on your ability to clearly display in writing your understanding of the basic concepts of sociology and your ability to formulate and exhibit a societal perspective that utilizes the sociological imagination. A grading rubric for this assignment is available in the  assignment dropbox. The assignment should be submitted in the course assignment dropbox prior to the final due date.